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Remote login via SSH

ssh, the secure shell, is a way to establish a connection between two computers. In fact, you use it to login on a remote computer system, e.g. when you connect to our local computer system from home. Typically, you will have to provide a user name and a password to establish the connection. In our case, the authentication is done via a certificate that we provide you with at the beginning of the course1).

Things you need to have

ssh connections within the network

You do this if you want to access a computer that

  • has more computer power
  • has more RAM
  • is less busy

than the one you are sitting one.

:!: You need

  • your username
  • your password
  • the name or the IP address of the computer you want to connect to

Example

Example

  • username: ingo
  • password: 1234secret
  • pool20
ssh -u ingo pool20

You will then be prompted to provide the password for the user ingo. The cursor will not move when you type your password, so don't worry. If the authentication was successful, you will be granted access to the remote computer. :!: If you do an ssh within the network, you can omit the option -u ingo. This information is only required if your user name on the computer you establish the information from is different from your user name on the remote computer

ssh connection from outside of the network

  1. an email with a zip archive containing the openssh certificate, a key and the password
  2. your user name in our system. The file name of the zip archive (without the ending .zip) should be your username2) in our system. Typically, this will follow one of the three naming schemes
    1. ecoevo01, ecoevo02, etc
    2. pbioc01, pbioc02, etc
    3. mbwt01, mbwt02, etc

    Do you get the idea? It can happen that the zip file starts with something like 'ssh-' before your user name, then please ignore this in the steps further below.

    If you are unsure that you got the right username, ask the tutors. Using the wrong name will give you quite some headaches further down…

  3. the unpacked zip archive containing the following files
    1. openssh (the certificate)
    2. openssh.pub (the public key3)
    3. password.txt (a text file with your password for the ssh connection4)
  4. an open terminal/shell
  5. The IP address of our gateway: 141.2.46.150

How the login via ssh works

If you have all the information specified above at hand, proceed to the next steps

Example

Type the following example command in the terminal window, where openssh22 is your certificate, and pbioc01 is your account. You will be prompted to introduce your password. 

# To connect to the server
ssh -i pbioc_course/openssh22 pbioc01@141.2.46.150

# Select a working station
ssh pool01

# Copy files from your personal computer to our computer system.
# Syntax: scp <ssh key> <target file> <where to paste it>
scp -i pbioc_course/openssh22 file.fasta pbioc01@141.2.46.150:/home/pbioc06
scp -i pbioc_course/openssh22 pbioc01@141.2.46.150:/home/pbioc06/file.png ~/Desktop

If you encounter the message “WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE”. You will need to change the permissions in your ssh certificate. 

chmod 400 openssh22
1)
We do this only when it will be an online course
2)
we use username and account name synonymously in this WIKI
3)
you don't have to bother with this file
4)
this is not your password for the login within our system